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In neuroscience, long-term potentiation ( LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.

The term long-term potentiation comes from the fact that this increase in synaptic strength, or potentiation, lasts a very long time compared to other processes that affect synaptic strength. Synapses that have undergone LTP tend to have stronger electrical responses to stimuli than other synapses. This graph compares the response to stimuli in synapses that have undergone LTP versus synapses that have not undergone LTP. In such studies, electrical recordings are made from cells and plotted in a graph such as this one. Studies of LTP are often carried out in slices of the hippocampus, an important organ for learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse.

Persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity